
But these activities also require clearly-understood language for personal, interpersonal, team, and group-related tasks. It is more difficult when training enters more the ambiguous arena of consulting, marketing, management, and sales.

This is usually not too much of a problem in industries and professions that have well-defined lexicons, such as law, engineering, and accounting. To do this, a good instructional designer must define terms and concepts so that training objectives and process are easily communicated and comprehended. Central to the development of cost-effective critical skills training programs in my work was assuring clearly and uniformly understood terms, concepts, and models. In business, critical skills include tasks where failure to properly perform may cause death, serious injury, or financial loss.

I reached this conclusion not through studying literary theory in a classroom but by reading Carl Jung and John Steinbeck and applying their insights in my three-decade career designing, developing, and leading critical skills and management training programs for corporations such as RCA, KPMG Peat Marwick, Honeywell, AT&T, Blue Cross/Blue Shield of New Jersey, and others. Carl Jung, John Steinbeck, and the Problem of Language As I will show, the insights of Jung in advancing Steinbeck and Ricketts’ phalanx theory are equally evident in Tortilla Flat, the book that launched Steinbeck’s reputation as a promising new writer. To a God Unknown and I n Dubious Battle are frequently cited examples. As a result, Jungian principles of a collective human unconscious, the meaning of symbols and myths, and the essential role of certain types of individuals in group behavior inform Steinbeck’s most successful fiction of the 1930s.

But 30 years earlier he had stayed up nights discussing the psychological insights of Carl Jung, the great Swiss psychologist-psychiatrist shown here, with Ed Ricketts, Joseph Campbell, and other members of the bohemian Cannery Row circle in the Monterey of his youth. In 1962 he lashed out at his country’s modern “psychiatric priesthood” in Travels with Charley. John Steinbeck was ambivalent about psychology.
